Zach‘s dad, a single father, brings Zach to the clinic, expressing frustration and discouragement.

“I have a lot of trouble controlling Zach,” his father tells you privately, while Zach goes to the clinic’s playroom for a few minutes. “He doesn’t bounce off the walls, exactly, but I just have trouble teaching him any manners. I guess it’s harder for guys to get that across to their kids or something. All I know is when we’re at my folks’ house on weekends, Zach is the only cousin who won’t take turns when playing a game or waiting his turn to ride with Grandpa on the tractor. And he’s seven. He should know better. I think he does know better. And then when I try to calm him down (after everybody’s mad at him), he can’t listen. He interrupts me constantly when I try to tell him why they’re all mad at him again. He also climbs all over his favorite cousin Jonah, who’s 12, and while Jonah tries to be patient, you can see he doesn’t like it.”

“Last time we were there Jonah said, ‘Hey Zach, how about we do this puzzle, or play this game?’ Zach, who’d been waiting all day for Jonah to pay attention to him, couldn’t sit still and finish even a simple game, even though I know he understands how to play it.”

“And now, worse still, his second-grade teacher tells me that Zach is easily distracted, can’t keep track of his books and pencils, and has trouble making, or keeping, friends, out on the playground.”

“Geez,” he says, head in his hands. “Geez, it just makes me so sad for Zach. Sometimes I want to yell at him, and other times I just feel so sad for him.”

Based on the description of Zach’s behaviors, which disorder from Chapter 11 might be causing his symptoms?

. Zach’s father tells you that he feels so bad for Zach and thinks “… all this may be making him sad or upset, if I could just get him to talk about it. Doesn’t he seem sad to you?” In response, what should be a component of Zach’s initial assessment?